La settimana scorsa ho partecipato a un seminario incentrato sui professionisti del benessere.
Ma cosa significa benessere?
Il primo a parlare di benessere fu Giovenale, famoso poeta romano, nella sua altrettanto famosa citazione “mens sana in corpore sano” del I secondo d.C. Egli introdusse per la prima volta l’idea di un legame profondamente radicato e intrecciato tra corpo e mente, da cui dipende il livello di benessere.
Nel 1948 l’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità ha dato questa definizione di salute come “stato completo di benessere fisico, psichico e sociale, e non semplicemente come assenza di malattia, disagio o infermità”.
Più recentemente, il concetto di benessere è stato ampliato prendendo in considerazione un nuovo punto di vista, ovvero quello bio-psico-sociale. Questo modello valuta lo stato di salute tenendo conto di fattori biologici, psicologici e sociali. In altre parole, il benessere viene contestualizzato all’interno dell’ambiente psico-sociale che circonda la persona, composto anche da relazioni interpersonali. L’obiettivo è quello di promuovere la salute globale intesa come realizzazione di sè, attribuendo importanza alla prevenzione, alla valutazione di diversi aspetti legati al benessere e alla relativa associazione di essi a diversi professionisti del benessere.
Da qui la concezione del benessere come una dimensione profondamente soggettiva della qualità della vita di una persona. Infatti, una situazione che per una persona più sembrare estremamente difficoltosa e arrecare forte disagio, per un altra invece può rappresentare il proprio livello quotidiano di benessere. Si pensi, ad esempio, ad una persona diabetica sin dalla nascita che ha necessità di assumere Insulina un certo numero di volte al giorno ed in determinati orari. Per una persona non diabetica ciò corrisponde a una forte condizione di malessere. Per il diabetico, invece, può costituire, seppur con le difficoltà del caso specifico, un situazione base di benessere, poiché attraverso queste pratiche ormai automatizzate la persona riesce a vivere la sua vita.
E’ possibile affermare, dunque, che benessere e felicità non devono forzatamente coesistere perché si raggiunga una situazione di benessere. Infatti è possibile sperimentare disagio o malessere, ma trovarsi comunque all’interno della macro-area del benessere. La percezione della qualità della propria vita può rimanere alta anche in situazioni difficoltose, specialmente se temporanee. Questo proprio perché si intende il benessere come ben-essere, cioè essere bene, essere e sentirsi sufficiente bene nella propria persona e nella propria vita. In altre parole, sentirsi soddisfatti della propria vita.
Possiamo affermare di vivere, quindi, in un “V.U.C.A. World”.
Si tratta di un concetto sviluppato dall’accademia militare dell’U.S Army per descrivere il mondo multilaterale che fu il risultato della Guerra Fredda.
L’acronimo scelto richiama le dimensioni della volatilità (Volatility), dell’incertezza (Uncertaintly), della complessità (Complexity) e dell’ambiguità (Ambigiuty) del mondo.
Con volatilità del mondo ci si riferisce alla nature e alle dinamiche del cambiamento, inclusa la velocità e imprevedibilità delle forze di cambiamento.
L’incertezza è la mancanza di prevedibilità, la prospettiva di sorprese, che portano a difficoltà di consapevolezza e comprensione delle questioni e degli eventi.
La complessità si riferisce alla mancanza di relazioni causa-effetto che continuano ad aumentare e alla confusione che caratterizzano le relazioni interpersonali del mondo di oggi.
Similare è anche l’ambiguità, ovvero la mancanza di chiarezza, la nebulosità della realtà e la frequente possibilità di una lettura errata o di fraintendimenti dei significati delle comunicazioni.
Tutto questo a fronte della velocità con cui cambiano e si modificano tutti gli aspetti del mondo in cui viviamo.
E’ così che è venuto a delinearsi e a diffondersi un atteggiamento nuovo verso la vita. Il cosiddetto “carpe diem attitude”, ovvero un approccio reattivo e poco progettuale, concentrato sul momento presente e poco orientato verso il futuro e tipico dei giovani.
L’altra faccia della medaglia è una completa e profonda attenzione e concentrazione della persona nel momento presente, con tutta se stessa. Si potrebbe definire “flow”, ovvero uno stato ottimale di coscienza in cui la persona è completamente immersa in un’attività. Questa condizione è caratterizzata da un completo coinvolgimento della persona, focalizzata sull’obiettivo e sulla motivazione.
Acquistano così importanza vitale gli aspetti di self-empowerment e resilienza nella dimensione del benessere.
Nel primo caso si tratta di attivare quelle capacità ìnsite in ognuno di noi nell’incremento della stima di se stessi, dell’autoefficacia e dell’autodeterminazione. Ciò consente alle risorse latenti di emergere e di scoprire e appropriarsi interamente e consapevolmente del proprio potenziale.
In altre parole si rendono chiare le possibilità percepite, le nuove opportunità a prescindere dalla possibilità di malessere.
A questo si affianca la resilienza, ovvero la capacità di attivare risorse personali al fine di resistere e far fronte alle avversità, ai traumi e agli eventi negativi della vita. Essa è intrinseca e innata nell’essere umano. Può manifestarsi in quantità diversa in ciascun individuo, ma attraverso un corretto allenamento, riconoscimento e rinforzo è possibile promuovere lo sviluppo personale e raggiungere il benessere.
Il concetto di benessere ha assunto una posizione di rilievo negli ultimi anni, se ne parla parecchio e stanno nascendo numerose nuove professioni che si occupano di benessere.
E’ anche per questo che è una dimensione soggetta a numerose trasformazioni e ancora in divenire.
Molto dipende però da come ciascuna persona decide di tradurla nella realtà.
Un buon punto di partenza può essere focalizzarsi su quelle che c’è, su quello che funziona, sulle risorse personali, piuttosto che sulla mancanza di qualcosa che non c’è più. In altre parole, promuovere un approccio mentale positivo alla situazione, rinforzando le risorse presenti e stimolando il funzionamento ottimale.
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